Romeo and Juliet s Theme of Youth and Excitement Rather than Sentimental Love :: Papers

Romeo and Juliet 's Theme of Youth and Excitement Rather than Sentimental Love Despite the fact that scenes of youth and energy do exist, I thoroughly oppose this idea with the pundits. I accept the play comprises of wistful love among Romeo and Juliet and that the areas of youth and energy are utilized distinctly to execute catastrophe. I will presently back up my sentiment with proof and statements from the play. In any case, the principal battle happens between the workers, this serves to illuminate the crowd regarding the fight and sets us up for the battle scene in Act 3 Scene1. The ball scene has a significant influence in the play, it is an energizing scene in any case, its included to empower the characters to meet. Everything begins when the Montague's sneak into the Capulet's ball. Romeo and his individual Montague's can get this show on the road the ball since it is a 'Conceal Ball'. Simply these little subtleties tell the crowd that their adoration was intended to be, practically like destiny. Romeo is getting a charge out of the gathering when abruptly he sees an excellent looking young lady. From here onwards he can't take his eyes off Juliet just like she cant with Romeo. I don't accept that Romeo had fallen in love with Rosaline yet this time he had, with an alternate young lady 'O she doth show the lights to consume brilliant' Romeo didn't express these things about Rosaline and this at that point fortifies the point that he had fallen in affection with this young lady who he doesn't have the foggiest idea about the name of. In the interim, Juliet was being compelled to wed a more established man against her own will, yet this would change as she would successfully be with Romeo. Romeo pulls Juliet behind a column and kisses her before talking to her. Juliet then discovers that Romeo is a Montague My solitary love sprung from my lone abhor this statement says everything she adored him beyond all doubt in any case, couldn't be seen with him as they are on inverse sides of two rival families in Verona.

To Kill A Mocking Bird And Parents Essays -

To Kill A Mocking Bird And Parents Child rearing is a demonstration of being a parent, which implies you show love and care towards your posterity. Harper lee's book To Kill A Mockingbird, shows the distinction in child rearing of the characters Bob Ewell and Atticus Finch. A few different ways these two characters are diverse is portrayed in this exposition by: indicating the contrast in the cleanliness of themselves and their youngsters, their ways of life, their locale acknowledgment, and their ethics and qualities. Atticus Finch and Bob Ewell are differentiated from numerous points of view in this novel that is the reason I decided to differentiate them. The main distinction among Atticus and Bob is themselves and their kids' cleanliness. Bounce Ewell's kid Burris was a contaminated youngster, ?he had a dull dim neck, the backs of his hands were corroded, and his fingernails were dark profound into the speedy? (Lee 27). Burris was told by the instructor to leave right on time to ?wash you hair with lye cleanser. At the point when you've done that, treat your scalp with lamp fuel? (Lee 26). Burris was incensed by this comment reacting, ?You ain't sendin' me home missus? (Lee 27), this showed a kind of cautious side to the children because of their fathers absence of child rearing they need to fight for themselves in a coldblooded shaky world for a youngster his age. Scout what's more, Jem were very much prepared youngsters no dirty garments or face were kept on them for quite a while like Burris. The following divergent trademark is that of their ways of life. The Ewells lived behind the town trash dump in what was previously a Negro's lodge. ?No monetary flatuatuion change their status? (Lee170). The lodge's board dividers were enhanced with sheets of folded iron, its rooftop shingled with tin jars pounded level, so just its general shape recommended its unique jewel. ?The varmints made some lean memories of it, the Ewells gave the dump an intensive gathering each day, and the products of their industry made the plot of ground around the lodge resemble the playhouse of a crazy youngster? (Lee 170). ?No one was very certain what number of youngsters were on the spot? (Lee 171), demonstrating their way of life to be degenerate to such an extent that no one truly needed to go to the landfill to see who or what was there. Atticus, Calpurnia, (the maid), scout, and Jem lived on the primary private road around. Atticus had enough to help his family since he was ?admitted to the bar and came back to Maycomb and started his training? (Lee 4), and furthermore to get by. The following extremity among Bob and Atticus is their locale acknowledgment. Bounce Ewell was considered as a ?visitor of the region in thriving just as in the profundities of a downturn? (Lee 170). The Ewells were not preferred by numerous individuals due to their unusual dignity, and their undesirable propensities. ?no general wellbeing official could free them from inborn sicknesses? (Lee 170). ?He (Atticus) like Maycomb, he was Maycomb province brought up? (Lee 5). The people group acknowledged Atticus with extraordinary respect with him being a legal advisor for them, prepared to serve and ensure them when avocation was required in their life. ?he knew his kin, they knew him, and due to Simon Finch's industry, Atticus was connected by blood or union with almost every family in the town? (Lee 5). The last differentiate that I will relate, are Bob and Atticus' perspectives on ethics and values. Sway Ewell was a lot of a partiality against blacks; his allegation drove to the Tom Robinson preliminary, obviously accusing a dark. Weave Ewell doesn't very equitable protective ethics/values, because of the way that ?They (his children) didn't need to go to class, for a certain something? (Lee 31), indicating he truly couldn't have cared less that much. Atticus had idealistic ethics/values, he, despite the fact that doled out, took the Tom Robinson case, despite the fact that he realized he would have been scandalized for it. ?You may hear some appalling discussion about it at school, yet do one thing for me maybe: you simply hold your head up high (Lee 76). Atticus indicated that he wouldn't like to have this trouble his kids as Atticus says in the book, ?I'm just protecting a Negro-his name's Tom Robinson? cal knows his family well. She says they're perfect living people? (Lee 75). Additionally, Atticus raises another great good/esteem. In the blessing giving process, Atticus gives Jem and Scout air-rifles and instructs them to ?murder all the bluejays you need, on the off chance that you can hit'em, however recall it's just plain wrong to slaughter

Strategic Planning with Mind Maps (+Free Templates) - Focus

Strategic Planning with Mind Maps (+Free Templates) - Focus Mind maps are a great tool for strategic planning as they enable you to conduct all kinds of analyses and evaluations of your company, your products, and the market. A SWOT map  will quickly show you strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats; with a growthâ€"share map  you can get an overview of your products’ life cycle; and the Four Ps of Price, Product, Promotion and Place will help you determine your offer. Using mind maps for your strategic planning enables you to: Involve all team members in your strategic planning:  Everyone can contribute to the mind map simultaneously. Discover connections and correlations:  Mind maps help visualize links between seemingly unrelated items and provide a birds eye view of problems and opportunities. Adapt as you go along:  Mind maps are flexible and can easily be edited and updated  during subsequent review meetings. In this post we will walk you through a detailed  SWOT analysis using a mind map and afterwards introduce you to a few other popular templates you can use for analyses. All  templates are available in the MindMeister template library. You can also maximize all of the embedded maps in this article  and then clone them to your MindMeister account. Not signed up yet? You can create a free MindMeister account here. Strategic Planning with a  SWOT Analysis This effective planning method helps businesses and other types of organizations evaluate their Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. This helps them to: determine whether their objectives are reachable find their competitive advantage decide on a business strategy How to conduct a SWOT analysis using a mind map Step 1: Get started Clone our handy SWOT map template to your account or quickly create a new mind map with the following layout: Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit SWOT Analysis on MindMeister. Step 2: Share the mind map with your team members You can  invite people via email or simply send them a secure link to the map. As soon as everyone has accessed the map, you can start the analysis together. Step 3: Generate meaningful information for each category Start with your strengths. Strengths are characteristics of your business or project that provide you with an advantage over competitors. Examples  could be things like an exclusive access to certain resources, insider information, patents, or an in with the press. Write all your findings  into the strength-branch of your mind map. Try to stick to individual keywords rather than writing whole sentences. This will keep the map from getting too cluttered. To add additional information to topics, use the sidebar on the right. You can add notes, links, comments and attachments to topics. After strengths come weaknessesâ€"basically all things that put you at a disadvantage relative to others. Examples of weaknesses could for instance be a bad reputation, a high cost structure, or a lack of patent protection. Opportunities are openings you can exploit to your advantage, such as beneficial changes in the law, the arrival of a new technology or an unfulfilled customer need. Threats are elements in the environment that could have a negative impact on your business, such as new regulations, the emergence of a substitute product, or a shift in consumer taste away from your product. Step 4: Analyze the map Now that your mind map is filled with information its time to analyze it and build/adjust your strategy accordingly. You can use icons or colors to highlight important factors, use  arrows to show connections  between internal and external  features, and note down ideas that arise during your  discussion. So this is how you conduct a simple SWOT analysis in a mind map. But this isnt the only thing you can use visual diagrams for when it comes to strategic planning. Take a look at the templates weve embedded below, and if you find them useful, feel free to clone them to your MindMeister account! The 4 Ps  Method First proposed in 1960, the 4 Ps method is a business tool used  by marketers to decide how best to take a new offer (service or product) to market. The 4 Ps stand for  Product (service), Place, Price, and Promotion. Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit The 4 Ps on MindMeister. The AEIOU Framework AEIOU stands for Activities, Environments, Interactions, Objects and Users. This framework is often used by researchers and designers to guide and structure observational research. Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit AEIOU Framework on MindMeister. The BANTR Approach This approach is more commonly known as BANT, which stands for  Budget, Authority, Need and Timing. Its a method used by sales people to determine  the value of an opportunity or lead. In our template weve added Relationships as a fifth category. Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit BANTR (Sales) on MindMeister. If you found this article useful, you might also like  4 Ways to Map Out Your Business Strategy Strategic Planning with Mind Maps (+Free Templates) - Focus Mind maps are a great tool for strategic planning as they enable you to conduct all kinds of analyses and evaluations of your company, your products, and the market. A SWOT map  will quickly show you strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats; with a growthâ€"share map  you can get an overview of your products’ life cycle; and the Four Ps of Price, Product, Promotion and Place will help you determine your offer. Using mind maps for your strategic planning enables you to: Involve all team members in your strategic planning:  Everyone can contribute to the mind map simultaneously. Discover connections and correlations:  Mind maps help visualize links between seemingly unrelated items and provide a birds eye view of problems and opportunities. Adapt as you go along:  Mind maps are flexible and can easily be edited and updated  during subsequent review meetings. In this post we will walk you through a detailed  SWOT analysis using a mind map and afterwards introduce you to a few other popular templates you can use for analyses. All  templates are available in the MindMeister template library. You can also maximize all of the embedded maps in this article  and then clone them to your MindMeister account. Not signed up yet? You can create a free MindMeister account here. Strategic Planning with a  SWOT Analysis This effective planning method helps businesses and other types of organizations evaluate their Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. This helps them to: determine whether their objectives are reachable find their competitive advantage decide on a business strategy How to conduct a SWOT analysis using a mind map Step 1: Get started Clone our handy SWOT map template to your account or quickly create a new mind map with the following layout: Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit SWOT Analysis on MindMeister. Step 2: Share the mind map with your team members You can  invite people via email or simply send them a secure link to the map. As soon as everyone has accessed the map, you can start the analysis together. Step 3: Generate meaningful information for each category Start with your strengths. Strengths are characteristics of your business or project that provide you with an advantage over competitors. Examples  could be things like an exclusive access to certain resources, insider information, patents, or an in with the press. Write all your findings  into the strength-branch of your mind map. Try to stick to individual keywords rather than writing whole sentences. This will keep the map from getting too cluttered. To add additional information to topics, use the sidebar on the right. You can add notes, links, comments and attachments to topics. After strengths come weaknessesâ€"basically all things that put you at a disadvantage relative to others. Examples of weaknesses could for instance be a bad reputation, a high cost structure, or a lack of patent protection. Opportunities are openings you can exploit to your advantage, such as beneficial changes in the law, the arrival of a new technology or an unfulfilled customer need. Threats are elements in the environment that could have a negative impact on your business, such as new regulations, the emergence of a substitute product, or a shift in consumer taste away from your product. Step 4: Analyze the map Now that your mind map is filled with information its time to analyze it and build/adjust your strategy accordingly. You can use icons or colors to highlight important factors, use  arrows to show connections  between internal and external  features, and note down ideas that arise during your  discussion. So this is how you conduct a simple SWOT analysis in a mind map. But this isnt the only thing you can use visual diagrams for when it comes to strategic planning. Take a look at the templates weve embedded below, and if you find them useful, feel free to clone them to your MindMeister account! The 4 Ps  Method First proposed in 1960, the 4 Ps method is a business tool used  by marketers to decide how best to take a new offer (service or product) to market. The 4 Ps stand for  Product (service), Place, Price, and Promotion. Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit The 4 Ps on MindMeister. The AEIOU Framework AEIOU stands for Activities, Environments, Interactions, Objects and Users. This framework is often used by researchers and designers to guide and structure observational research. Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit AEIOU Framework on MindMeister. The BANTR Approach This approach is more commonly known as BANT, which stands for  Budget, Authority, Need and Timing. Its a method used by sales people to determine  the value of an opportunity or lead. In our template weve added Relationships as a fifth category. Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit BANTR (Sales) on MindMeister. If you found this article useful, you might also like  4 Ways to Map Out Your Business Strategy

Personal Values And Social Work Values - 1443 Words

ETHICS PRINCIPLES Amber Sperlbaum Indiana Wesleyan University TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 3 NASW CODE OF ETHICS..................................................................................................3-4 PERSONAL VALUES VS SOCIAL WORK VALUES.......................................................4 ETHICAL REASONING.....................................................................................................5 AMBIGUITY IN RESOLVING CONFLICT......................................................................5-6 REFLECTION.....................................................................................................................6 REFERENCES....................................................................................................................7 A. INTRODUCTION Social work is a profession which has the objective to improve the quality of life of other individuals. The NASW code of ethics is used as a guideline for social workers and the interaction they have with their clients. In addition, within the code of ethics, there are six values, which include service, social justice, dignity and worth of a person, importance of human relationships, integrity, and competence. Therefore, going into the social work field it is important to understand that yourShow MoreRelatedPersonal Values In Social Work785 Words   |  4 Pages Values were a huge part of my childhood and show a large part in my lifet today, as they support my thoughts and actions. As a social work student I have to question my personal morals, opinions and ethics as these will have a large impact on my performance as a expert. My private values are consistent to the values of social work, which is the motive as to why I have chosen a career in a social care. These values are self - determination to promote social justice, being kind and accommodating towardRead MorePersonal Values And Social Work1049 Words   |  5 Pagesyou became interested in social work and why you chose social work as a major. – I became interested in social work when my next door neighbor kids where not well taking proper care of. When they come to my house and the look in their eyes when they had to go back home and live with being yelled at and not getting feed or cleaned on the regular. I knew then that I had wanted to help kids and not only kids but older adults. 2. Explain and discuss your personal values, as well as who and/or whatRead MorePersonal Values In Social Work1133 Words   |  5 Pages†¢ Paragraph 1: Discuss your personal values and how these values interact with the social work values. I deeply value family and believe that it is a bond where you love and protect one another. I also value respect for one and respect for others and integrity. I would have to be aware that there are many social work cases that consist/ involve some sort of abusive relationship/ situation whether it’s the parents or children. I value human relationships and a safe home and environment for childrenRead MoreMy Personal Values: Professional Ethics Are the Foundation of Social Work1798 Words   |  7 PagesA career in Social Work requires conviction to personal values that reflect and uphold the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics. Professional ethics are the foundation of social work, as the trade has an innate obligation to endorse ethical principles and basic values to advocate for the wellness of others. The core values adopted by all social workers, as distinguished by NASW, are service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person, importance of h uman relationshipsRead MoreSocial Care And Psychology Assignment1659 Words   |  7 PagesApplied Social Care Psychology Assignment X00138717- Bronagh Galloway In this essay I will discuss the reasons why I choose the course social care practice and the psychological theory associated with it. I will illustrate my beliefs and values and how they influenced my personal and professional development. I will also discuss how my belief system corresponds with the ethical framework in social care practice. Motivation is a process that influences the direction, persistenceRead MoreThe Nasw Code Of Ethics1266 Words   |  6 PagesEthics, I am confident that my personal values will conform well to the social work profession. There are a few personal values of mine that may conflict to the social work profession; however, I will most certainly use my professional judgement to ensure that I will not break the NASW Code of Ethics. Overall, I found that many of my personal values were mentioned in the NASW Code of Ethics. There are several personal values of mine that conform well to the social work profession and NASW Code of EthicsRead MorePersonal Values And Professional Ethics1453 Words   |  6 PagesSometimes a social worker can experience conflicts and ethical dilemmas in the practice, and the decision-making process requires a separation form the personal values and professional ethics. One conflict that may arise while working with a client is keeping personal feelings and values separated from the professional role. In the case, social worker Ajia Meux is working she is faced with some conflicts that can intertwine with her personal values and professional ethics. She was concerned withRead MoreEthics Is Broader Than The Law Essay1094 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent aspects such as justice, truthfulness and state of a person attributes. Taking example of staffs, it helps in integrating the social and cultural, gender and economic difference arising taking into consideration of Treaty of Waitangi. It empowers the staffs on different aspects of their duties while integrating with different ages, cultural background, and social status class and gender disparity. Throughout research study, different procedures that are appropriate have helped in cohesive understandingRead MoreThe Social Work Code Of Ethics1059 Words   |  5 Pagesof the social work profession is deeply rooted in a specific set of core values. These strict set of beliefs are embraced by professional history and are the framework to social work s unique purpose and mission. The six core values include Service, Social Justice, Dignity and Worth of the Person, Importance of Human Relationships, Integrity, and Competence. As Social Workers begin or continue their journey in social work it is significant to always properly represent, and advance the values and goalsRead MoreEthical Dilemma Case Study1062 Words   |  5 Pages Ethical Principles: Allison’s Ethical Decisions Ayesha Youngblood Towson University Ethical Principles: Allison’s Ethical Decisions Introduction In the professional workplace, one’s personal values and beliefs, may interfere with the social workers ability to serve their client efficiently. In this case study, Allison is a white, 28-year-old counselor to 19-year-old Carmen who is Latina. Carmen was born in Puerto Rico, and moved to the United States when she was 10. Allison

Biology Photosynthesis Lab - 934 Words

Biology lab AIM: To test a leaf for starch APPARATUS/MATERIALS : * bunsen burner, tripod stand, wire gauze(OR 90oC electric water bath OR hot plate) * 250 cm3 beaker * boiling tube * anti- bumping granules * forceps * test tube holder * white tile * leaf to be tested (hibiscus leaves are excellent) * 90% ethanol * iodine/potassium iodide solution PROCEDURE: The video above shows the steps in Testing a Leaf for the Presence of Starch. The Procedure outlined below is slightly different. 1. Remove a green leaf fom a plant that has been exposed to sunlight for a few hours 2. Half-fill a 250cm3 beaker with water. Heat the water until it boils. Keep the water at boiling point. 3. Use the†¦show more content†¦Most photosynthesis takes places in the green parts of plants, in particular the leaves. Photosynthesis involves 2 stages - the Light-dependent Stage and the Light-independent stage. In the light-depedent stage, water is photolyzed by sunlight into Hydrogen and oxgen. Hydrogen enters the second stage, oxgen is gaseous by-product. In the light - independent stage enzymes catalyse the reduction of carbon dioxide by hydrogen. The carbohydrate, glucose is first formed. Glucoe may be immediately used, translocated in the form of fructose or sucrose or stored as starch granules. The overall equation for photosynthesis is: 2. Which organic substance does iodine/potassium iodide solution detect the presence of? What observations will you make if the test is positive? Starch. The iodine solution will turn from brown to blue - black. 3. Explain the significance of boiling the leaf in water. Boiling the leaf in water: * Removes the waxy cuticle which prevents entry of iodine/potassium iodide solution. * Ruptures cell membranes to make starch granules in cytoplasm and chloroplasts accessible to iodine/potassium iodide solutiion. Cell membranes are selectively permeable and do not readily allow the penetration of iodine. * Denatures enzymes, particularly those which convert starch to glucose e.g. diastase. Boiling arrests all chemical reactions, since enzymes which catalyse the reactions areShow MoreRelatedBiology Photosynthesis Lab925 Words   |  4 PagesBiology lab AIM: To test a leaf for starch APPARATUS/MATERIALS  : * bunsen burner, tripod stand, wire gauze(OR 90oC electric water bath OR hot plate) * 250 cm3 beaker * boiling tube * anti- bumping granules * forceps * test tube holder * white tile * leaf to be tested (hibiscus leaves are excellent) * 90% ethanol * iodine/potassium iodide solution PROCEDURE: The video above shows the steps in Testing a Leaf for the Presence of Starch. The Procedure outlined below isRead MoreThe Analysis of Spinach Pigmentation During Photosynthesis (biology Lab Report)1050 Words   |  5 PagesSpinach Pigmentationp During Photosynthesis p University of Alabamap I. Introduction:p quot;Photosynthesis is the conversion of light energy to chemical energy that is stored in glucose or other organic compounds; it occurs in plants, algae, and certain prokaryotesquot; (Campbell, G-16). The formula below is photosynthesis and quot;the ingredients necessary to make a plant growquot; (KoK, 30).p 6CO_2 + 6H_2_0,,#179; C_6_H_12_O_6_ + 6CO_2p Photosynthesis occurs within chloroplasts whichRead MoreThe Effect of Temperature on Photosynthesis1085 Words   |  5 Pagesproduct of photosynthesis, which is the process that converts energy in sunlight to chemical forms of energy that can be used by biological systems2. Many organisms are not able to use the energy obtained from sunlight directly; however, plants are able to use this energy and convert it into chemical energy by converting CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2O (water) to organic materials3. The energy source for photosynthesis comes from sunlight, which allows for the fuel that drives photosynthesis. This processRead MoreLab Report on Photosynthesis Essay1251 Words   |  6 PagesLab Report: Understanding Photosynthesis Gen Biology Lab Abstract: This lab was called photosynthesis: understanding photosynthesis. It is a highly complex process that needs to be broken down in many steps to understand how it works. This lab covers the big components in photosynthesis including carbon dioxide intake, light consumption, and varying pigmentation. Introduction: Photosynthesis is a huge concept to learn and understand in the field of biology. Plants have their own specialRead MorePhotosynthesis Lab Report866 Words   |  4 Pages Photosynthesis Lab 8 Section 022 Kaileen Savage Tanushree Majumber Introduction â€Å"Photosynthesis is a biochemical process for building carbohydrates using energy from sunlight and carbon dioxide taken from the air†, (Morris, J. (2016) Biology How Life Works. New York, NY.). It is a system that uses plants and specific algae to synthesize molecules from both water and carbon dioxide. The oxygen we breathe and the food we eat is fueled by photosynthesis because it is anRead MorePhotosintersis Experiment1317 Words   |  6 PagesMeasuring the Effect of Light Intensity on Photosynthesis Introduction Photosynthesis captures energy from sunlight. Plants, algae, and some bacteria use the energy captured during photosynthesis for their metabolic reactions. During photosynthesis in plants, chlorophyll and enzymes in leaves convert certain wavelengths of light into chemical energy. A simple equation can be used to represent photosynthesis. Enzymes and Chlorophyll light energy CO2 H2O carbohydrate O2 In this investigationRead MoreLeaflab Report Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesMarlena Ferone LeafLab Biology 101 - Professor Landry University of Phoenix Due Date: August 30, 2011 EXPLORATION What is the relationship between the increase in light intensity and the photosynthetic rate in leaves from a corn plant? How does this relationship compare with what you observed for tomato plants? As light intensity increases, the photosynthetic rate of a plant increases as well. However biochemical reaction, in fact, DO have temperature limits because if the temperaturesRead MoreLeaf Lab931 Words   |  4 PagesMarlena Ferone LeafLab Biology 101 - Professor Landry University of Phoenix Due Date: August 30, 2011 EXPLORATION What is the relationship between the increase in light intensity and the photosynthetic rate in leaves from a corn plant? How does this relationship compare with what you observed for tomato plants? As light intensity increases, the photosynthetic rate of a plant increases as well. However biochemical reaction, in fact, DO have temperature limits because if the temperaturesRead MoreWorld War Ii Through the 1970s627 Words   |  3 PagesENERGY IN A CELL Lab Name: Tigist Badeg Data Table. Step | Tile | 1. | Energy | 2. | H2O, CO2, Chlorophyll | 3. | Electron Transfer | 4. | ATP + NADPH | 5. | Calvin cycle | 6. | Glucose and O2 | 7. | Glycolysis | 8. | Pyruvic acid | 9. | Krebs cycle | 10. | ATP, H2O and CO2 | 1.What is the importance of the light and dark reactions in photosynthesis? In light reactions, light is absorbed by chlorophyll in the thylakoid membrane and energizes the electronsRead MoreIB Bio lab report on photosynthesis1509 Words   |  7 PagesThe effect of different coloured lights on the rate of Photosynthesis Objective: To find out which colour of light provides the best consequences for the production of oxygen/ the rate of photosynthesis Background: In photosynthesis, there are two main parts, including light dependent and light-independent reactions. Plants use the energy from light for producing sugar, which is being converted into ATP by cellular respiration. They also are the only organisms that produce oxygen along with glucose

Cross Contamination Example Essay Free Essays

There are 3 different types of contamination in the food industry; microbial contamination, physical contamination and chemical contamination, with microbial contamination being a more frequent cause of food poisoning and rising, with the amount of products contaminated having seen 91 % between 2006 and 201 1 (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs , 2012) . A variety of things can cause microbial cross- contamination, but the most common causes are through vehicles or vectors carrying harmful bacteria (pathogens) from a source to the food. The source or reservoir is where the contamination Originates from, for example, humans, raw food, rodents, dust and soil. We will write a custom essay sample on Cross Contamination Example Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the context of cross- contamination, a vehicle is a substance, object or living thing that moves the contaminant away from its source to the food. The vehicle could either be dictionary or a mobile vehicle. A vector is an organism, usually a bird or an insect, that transmits a pathogen from one place to another. The aim for a food manufacturer is to make a commercially sterile, not completely sterile. The definition for a commercially sterile product is â€Å"Commercial sterility of food means the conditions achieved by application of heat which renders such food free from microorganisms capable of growing in the food at temperatures at which the food is likely to be held during distribution and storage. † (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2007). The reason for this is that he severe thermal treatment needed to make a product completely sterile would severely reduce the sensory quality and nutritional value of the product, as well as increasing the energy consumption to reach higher heats. There are various reasons as to why cross-contamination happens and is a major cause of food poisoning, for example, poor hand washing techniques, confusion of terminology by staff, equipment design and color coded equipment which people do not adhere to. It is also very difficult to track down the causes of an outbreak, so it may take a while to take the relevant assure to stop the outbreak and sometimes the wrong thing is blamed, for example, in 2011 , Spanish fruit and vegetables were blamed for an E. Coli outbreak across Europe, killing 22 people. However, it was later discovered that German bean sprouts were the likely cause (BBC News, 201 1). The mistake cost the Spanish fruit and vegetable industry Emma per week, proving how economically important it is to get the causes right (BBC News, 201 1). In many food poisoning cases, a sequence of events contributes to an outbreak, rather than just one activity alone. This is called the microbial chain ND makes it even harder to discover the true cause Of an outbreak. An example of a microbial chain is; cooked ham comes into a store and is sliced. This ham has come from the supplier contaminated so has now contaminated the slices used. The slices is not washed and other meats, for example, more cooked ham or cooked beef, is sliced on it. This then causes the other meats to become contaminated, making it difficult to find the meat that originally caused the problem. The cooked meat that has been contaminated is ready to eat, so therefore is a high risk product as no further retirement will be done to kill pathogens, meaning it is very likely that a case of food poisoning would come from this microbial chain if the pathogen was harmful enough. A wide range of things can act as vehicles for microbes, for example, hands, clothes, cleaning cloths and pests can all act as mobile vehicles, and food- contact surfaces, food itself and hand-contact surfaces, such as door handles, fridge door and taps, can all act as stationary vehicles. These vehicles can carry pathogens onto high risk foods such as ready to eat products such as, cooked meats, cooked prawns, oysters, and dairy products. A high risk food can be defined as â€Å"any ready-to-eat food that will support the growth of pathogenic bacteria easily and does not require any further heat treatment or cooking’. Warwick University , 2011). This means that special care needs to be taken preparing these foods in the factory or in the kitchen, for example, using separate areas in the factory or using separate chopping boards for raw and cooked meat in the kitchen. There are many laws that have been put in place to try and prevent cross-contamination, therefore reducing th e frequency of major food poisoning outbreaks. These laws can be found in SEC) 852/2004 Hygiene of Food Stuffs and it is the job of environmental health officers to enforce these laws, through audits. This laws have been changed and updated over time since 2004 to make them more relevant and applicable. A public enquiry on the 2005 E. Coli 0157 outbreak in South Wales, chaired by Hugh Pennington, a professor Of bacteriology, helped further improve this piece of legislation when it was published in 2009. However, many find these difficult to interpret and use in the context of their own business, so the Food Standards Agency created Safe Food Better Business’, tit different sections for different types of companies that handle food, for example, for caterers, takeaways, retailers, child minders and care homes. These documents are also provided in different languages to help provide businesses, run by foreign owners who don’t speak English, improve the safety of the food from the business and help them adhere to the laws in (SEC) 852/2004, therefore reducing the risk of an outbreak occurring through cross- contamination from this business. There are many examples of where cross- contamination has been the probable cause of major food poisoning outbreaks, for example, an outbreak of Weston Blumenthal ‘The Fat Duck’ restaurant in 2009, the E. Oil 0157 outbreak in in 2005 in South Wales and an E. Coli outbreak in Lancashire, Scotland in 1996. The 2005 outbreak of E. Coli 0157 in South Wales was a major outbreak and lots of mistakes were made for it to occur, which were highlighted in the Pennington Report. In the outbreak, 157 cases were identified, 31 people admitted to hospital and 1 five year old boy died. This prompted a public enquiry carried out by a Professor in Bact eriology called Hugh Pennington. The problems identified were; poor audits carried out by Environmental Health Officers at John Tudor and Son, critical control points not met, no valid ‘Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point’ (HACK) plan and issues with cooked meat being prepared and packed in the same area as raw meat, therefore causing cross-contamination (Pennington, 2009). The meat also ending up in schools in the area, meaning smaller children with weaker immune systems were more at risk of becoming infected, so they were more vulnerable to serious illness and death. One cause of the outbreak was that there was only one Vic packer, which are used o vacuum pack a product, was used for cooked and raw meat, causing any pathogens that were on the raw meat to contaminate the Vic packer, which then contaminated the cooked meat. This then became the problem as the cooked meat will not be treated again, so there is a good chance that a harmful level of pathogens will be present in the meat when consumed. Environmental health officers that had inspected the premises had noticed that there was only one Vic packer for both, however the Food Business operator had told that they had another Vic packer that was of site for repairs. This turned out to be a lie and could have easily been detected, had the inspector enquired further and asked for proof, however it was only discovered to be not true at later inspection. In the Pennington Report it states that ‘special attention’ was paid to the Vic packer and that ‘the use of one for both raw and cooked meats carried with it a serious risk of cross- contamination’. How to cite Cross Contamination Example Essay, Essays

Hip-Hop and Hyper-Commercialism free essay sample

Hip-Hop and Hyper-commercialism Simple beat, simple rhyme scheme, strong message. Vans dont cost Gs, real inning wear these CLC Vans, says a member of The Pack in the music video aptly titled Vans. You may be asking yourself, So, whats the big deal? The big, highly lucrative deal is the marriage between big name corporations and their partnership with hip-hop. Its nothing new: Run-DAM had My ideas, EL Cool J wore Kananga hats, and even Jay-Z incorporated drinking Cristal into his lyrics for a long period of time.With that being said, the new hip-hop generation of today faces many adversities from years and ears of subliminal marketing within their own sub-culture. The effects of hyper- commercialism are evident in American culture In general, but especially noticeable within popular rap music and urban associated culture. As an avid listener and creator of hip hop music, I have noticed a growing trend in the bay area: rap about what brands you wear. Whether it be Nikkei, Vans, Babe, or Decries, the message seems clear: you are what you wear.Even the term blind, blind is so deeply associated with hip-hop that you cant say it without an image off big, gaudy necklace popping into your head. And Immediately after that, you think, thats something a rapper would wear. Its no secret why. The hip-hop culture has been portraying a certain image since its birth in the late sasss and has been exploited by big name companies since then. The music industry Invests In what sells; companies and corporations sponsor artists who sell and are marketable to a wide, general audience. In the PBS documentary, Merchants of Cool, Naomi Klein states, Quite simply, every company with a powerful brand is attempting to develop a relationship with consumers that resonates so completely with their sense of self hat they will aspire, or at least consent, to be serfs under these feudal borderlands. With this being said, the question of why the hip-hop image is so much different than that of rock music has always bothered me. Take the band Coldly for example.The first adjectives that come to mind when thinking of the band are soft, emotional, and uplifting. And even though the band does not have that rebel edge, they managed to win Grammys and sell millions of records without having brand names within their lyrics. Now examine a hip-hop artist equivalent with huge success In America, 50 Cent. His breakthrough album is entitled Get Rich or Die Trying, appropriate for the philosophy behind the Image of mainstream hip-hop. After listening to the first minute of the first single In Ad Club, its a given that Backward and Mercedes Benz Increased their sales for that year _ He follows that formula of selling your own culture plus helping a company sell a product equals big checks and big success. Not only did he sell over ten million records with his Get Rich or Die Trying album, but he let the big name companies know 0 he means business. And this Is precisely the problem. Not only do I see advertisements everywhere else In American culture, but now have to sit and listen to catch phrase commercials within the music I know and love.This affect has made me question everything about myself. Eve been obsessed with the genre music since Talcs release of crazy sexy Cool, and since then Ive become what many call a Hip-Hop Head. At the time, I was was one of those groups that wasnt caught up in the over excessive marketing campaign that targeted young music listeners like myself. So my foundation for quality, meaningful hip-hop music was always there. But as I grew into my teenage years, I found myself often imitating to the rappers I listened to on a subconscious level.I started wearing brand name clothing that was acceptable and even though I was too young to know anything about alcohol, I thought Hennessey and Backward were the two alcohols that I have to try first. The financial markets have certainly spoken. They have richly rewarded some media-company mergers and made stockholders-including Journalists-happy folks, says Tom Goldstein in his article Big Media: Who Owns the News?. This same idea can be applied to the rap artists who et paid by the sponsors that endorse them.These artists are making millions off these companies who are mainly there to use the artists image as a way to connect their product with his or her fan base. The sad thing is, when an artist talks about Clocks or Smith and Wesson like he is endorsing the product, confused kids buy into it. When I got a little bit older, a littler bit smarter, and a little bit wiser, I started to question myself and my identity, as well as Hip-Hop and the identity portrayed within the mainstream media. It seemed as though everything had to have a hardcore exterior.To be understanding, sensitive, or romantic seemed to be weak, while credibility was earned by talking about guns, drugs, pimping women, and dirty money. In an article regarding two underground DVDs called Straight Auto Hunters Point and Hood 2 Hood, Darrel Keats put this idea best, The storytellers are driven by the same motivation 0 proving that their block is the hardest, and that they are the hardest on the block. This is precisely what is portrayed in most mainstream rap a market flood of bragging and boasting about doing illegal or despicable activities.Yet, I see todays youth confused. You are not respected if you are not outfitted in the latest gear, or up to date with the latest brand. And because of this, up in coming rappers and music makers tailor their own music to fit this philosophy without even being paid by the brands that they promote. Case in point, an underground, unsigned rapper named Young Byrd Man can be found holding a Nikkei shoe on a picture of his Namespace, not knowing that kids who follow him will go and buy those shoes because of the image he portrays. And Nikkei does not sponsor him, or pay him.Sounds like a great business deal, doesnt it? Now you may think that all this commercialism is wrong, but its not. In fact, its only logical 0 sell what you have to get what you want. Everybody does it, especially within the capitalistic society we live in. The problem is artists losing their substance too marketing scheme. New groups like The Pack are prime examples of this flash in the pan trend, and this is why they dont stick around or have a strong following. Based on their first single, their audience knows them as the four Vans spokesman.Are they musical artists, or shoe lessen? They have no perceived foundation for anything more, and thats why I flip to the next channel of the metaphorical Hip-Hop television. So what has made artists like Jay-Z so successful? Being able to find a balance between providing those catch phrase commercials and also giving the listener something real to hold on to. Its simple 0 when the commercials come on during a football game, my dad changes the channel to golf until the football game comes back on. Hes not interested in watching football for what it is, not what its sponsored by. By switching the channel ruing advertisements, hes saying, Im tired of trying to be sold, get back to the point. Hip-Hop has become the same way to me. This is why I choose to stray away from the hyper-commercialism lyrics that I hear too often. Artists like Jay-Z provide enough substance in comparison to advertisements to keep the listeners there. In an article entitled The New Hustle, the author sums it up very well, Its hard to hate on the get-rich part of this game. That rappers are becoming more astute businessmen, branching out into multiple industries, is a good thing.And this is true, its hard to denounce smart business practices or the determination it takes to be an entrepreneur. After all, who could not respect someone who has gone from rags to riches or grew from a crack in the concrete, as Tuba put it. But at the same time, rappers who have become wealthy and have escaped their troubled backgrounds seem to show no second thoughts about what they put into their rap lyrics, endorsement deals or not. And it seems as thought businesses and marketers hold these artists with little to no accountability about how they act or what they say.From a transcript from Bill Realitys show on the Fox News Network when he had a segment on Ludicrous endorsement by Pepsi, he states, Im calling for all responsible Americans to fight back and punish Pepsi for using a man who degrades women, who encourages substance abuse, and does all the things that hurt particularly the poor in our society. Now I dont necessarily agree with all that the man says and does, but he does have a point 0 people listen to these irresponsible artists and business endorsements give them power. Rappe r Gift of Gab of the duo known as Fallacious put it best his song ShallowDays, Music does reflect life, and kids look up to what youre portraying and mimic what you act like. Sometimes my stomach gets this odd feeling when I see rappers inferring that their violent and degrading lyrics are Just creative expressions and have no real repercussions. Sometimes I argue with my current girlfriend about this. In the Bay area, we have something made popular by recent rapper Mac Deer. Its called Thigh, a slang term for ecstasy. Too many times, I come across people who argue that Mac Dress influence over the recent popularity of ecstasy in Hip-Hop ultra is not wrong.Yet, thigh has been a big problem all over northern California, and has never been popular with Hip-Hop heads since Mac Dress on set. Still, hardly anyone wants to point the finger, and I hate doing it myself, but at the same time, artists do have control over what they say and put into the mix of things. Responsibility is a value that seems to be lacking not only in Hollywood, but also Hip- Hop. All in all, the music has major influence on its listeners and the companies know this. Will the current generation realize that they are being sold products and ideas y people within their own culture, or will the trend continue?

Assessment for Learning Formative Assessment free essay sample

The function of assessment in learning and development is to provide a measure of progress, and record of achievement, within the agreed standards or criteria that have been set for performance. The three elements making up the function of assessment in learning and development are an Initial, Formative and Summative assessment.The initial assessment category can identify any prior learning that has taken place, and any individual needs and support required to allow timely progress throughout learning and development. At initial assessment, it may also be appropriate to go through and complete an Individual Learning Plan (ILP), ensuring that during any learning and development, these can be referred to, showing progression to a set goal within the ILP or where further development is required. By setting goals for assessment to meet the individual learning requirements, an inclusive learning environment is promoted.Formative assessment is ongoing assessment throughout any learning. This can be to a set goal within the ILP or can be used to identify where additional support is needed if there are any specific areas identified for development. We will write a custom essay sample on Assessment for Learning Formative Assessment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Summative assessment usually occurs at the end of any learning, in the form of written tests or examinations. It provides a mechanism by which further learning and development have been identified, or for a specific deliverable that can be reached by any summative assessment.The initial assessment is also the first stage of the Assessment cycle, which covers initial assessment, assessment planning, assessment activity, assessment decision and feedback, and review of progress.After the initial assessment, planning for assessment takes place, which must be against set criteria, and be measurable. It reduces the amount of time that is required to conduct the end-to-end assessment process, by having clear and defined guidelines set up. Planning the assessment also gives a clear framework within which any assessment of learning and development takes place, and provides a strategic direction for the learning and development. It defines the learning outcomes being assessed, with, the when and how they will be done.The next stage of the assessment cycle is the assessment activity that takes place, where this is measured, and where it is recorded. This needs to be fit-for-purpose and is either formative or summative as detailed above, and should be done to reflect the required standards and assessment/performance criteria.Following the assessment activity, there is the assessment feedback and decision part of the assessment cycle. This is where any evidence that has been prepared is assessed, and a decision recorded. The recording of that decision is done within the set guidelines and shared with all stakeholders who have a vested interest in the outcome. This may include the awarding organization, potential employers, and others. The final part of the assessment cycle is the review of progress. This may be to measure progress and achievements against the standards in place or to provide data that can be used for quality assurance and improvement processes against set national standards or best practices.

Professional term paper writing help

Professional term paper writing help Term paper The first step to writing a great term paper is choosing a topic. However, it may be difficult as students are usually very busy doing numerous assignments. If you are assigned to produce an academic work for the first time, it may be a tough challenge. Nonetheless, you should not worry about it. Down below, you will find detailed instructions on preparing your piece of writing. If you follow them carefully, you will understand how to do everything in the right way. As it has been mentioned above, you need to select an interesting subject for your essay. Do not inhibit your creativity. Thus, you will be able to choose a fabulous topic. If you have any doubts, you should discuss your choice with the professor. Your teacher will give you useful tips on producing term papers properly. Moreover, you will make sure that no one else has the same subject as you. In addition, when consulting with your professor, you will have a great opportunity to specify the imposed academic requirements. When picking a topic, you should take into account that there are two types of papers: analytical and argumentative. You should be aware of their peculiarities in order to know how to write a term paper of superior quality. When preparing an argumentative work, you need to examine the issue fully, choose its one aspect and present your viewpoint on it. While producing analytical essays, it is necessary to see the explored subject from a new perspective. In this case, you should prove your opinion as well. Paper Writing Procedure When the topic is chosen, you should start doing research. It is understandable that you do not like sitting at the library and looking through different books and journals. Nevertheless, it is the best way to gather reliable data for your paper. Libraries are full of useful printed sources of valuable information about different research areas. Surely, you may use the Internet as well. A lot of reputable online resources may be found there. Do not forget to make proper references as a term paper format is as important as any other element of the paper. Sometimes, students leave writing their college term papers till the last minute. In this case, it is very easy to miss the deadline. For this reason, it is better to plan a daily schedule. You should know clearly what to do every day. First, you need to conduct a research. You may either go to the library or use the search engine. Note all ideas about the issue that seem useful. After that, you should write a thesis. The next step is to produce the body paragraphs. In this section, you should discuss major points. However, some of them should be left for summarizing the paper. Remember that your ideas have to be based on powerful arguments. The concluding section should sum up your work. No matter term paper topics, you should write a reasonable concluding section. Handy Tips When editing your work, you should pay close attention to formatting. Academic papers are usually formatted in the following styles: APA, Turabian, MLA, etc. Furthermore, you should check your piece of writing for plagiarism and grammar. Check your paper twice to make sure that it is written in the right way. By the way, if you cannot write an exclusive term paper on your own, feel free to get in touch with. Our professionals will provide you will expert assistance. We ensure that your work will be written from scratch and edited perfectly. In order to get valuable help from our company, you need to place an order on our website. Do not forget to provide us with explicit guidelines. You can be sure that you will receive an outstanding work.

Ethical, Legal, or Sociocultural Issues Assignment

Ethical, Legal, or Sociocultural Issues - Assignment Example In the context of counseling, ethics is referred to as the philosophical discipline concerned with the standards that govern conduct perceived to be acceptable by a culture or society. Ethical considerations for carrying out testing and measurement, in any psychological context, from a participant perspective should include informed consent obtained from all the participants, voluntary participation and adhering to confidentiality of participant information like identity. Legally, all psychometric tests and measurements have to be performed by competent test users according to the regulation. According to the International Test Commission (ITC), â€Å"A competent test user will use tests appropriately, professionally, and in an ethical manner, paying due regard to the needs and rights of those involved in the testing process, the reasons for testing, and the broader context in which the testing takes place† (Dobbie & Fitzgerald, 2003). Abiding by the ethics codes such as confidentiality, right to informed consent, and voluntary participation are also covered under legal boundaries. From a sociocultural perspective, biasness in testing and measurement is the most common possibility. The psychologists involved in testing should have sensitivity, knowledge, and skills to work with individuals and groups with a diverse range of strengths and needs from a variety of racial, cultural, ethnic, experiential, and linguistic backgrounds. With this expertise, the psychologists will be able to reduce and/or eliminate possible biasness caused by these sociocultural norms, thereby helping participants of all backgrounds feel welcomed and appreciated in the group (NASP, 2000). The AMCD multicultural counseling competencies (Toporek et al, 1996) also advocates the counselor to educate their clients on the intention of psychological interventions such as goals, expectations, legal rights and the counselor’s

The Myths of Negotiating Dark Networks Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Myths of Negotiating Dark Networks - Article Example They clarify that â€Å"in contrast to hierarchies, networks lack top-down command and authoritative dispute settlement† (2008: 11). While they acknowledge the commonly cited advantages of networked actors – efficient communication and information processing, scalability, adaptability, resilience, and learning capacity – they rightfully caution that all of these may not apply to every type of network. Eistrup-Sangiovanni and Jones identify three kinds of networks: the chain network, the wheel network, and the all-channel network. Illicit networks are primarily of the first two variants and many, if not most, suffer from â€Å"inefficiencies and short life-cycles† (2008: 17). The scholarship on networks, they claim, pays scant attention to historical evidence and extant studies of terrorism, insurgency, and organized crime. Dark networks suffer from information limitations and communication failures, poor decision-making and excessive risk-taking, restrictions on scope and structural adaptability, collective action problems due to (lack of) coordination, frequent security breaches, and learning disabilities (2008: 19-33). Using these limitations as an analytical framework, Eistrup-Sangiovanni and Jones examine the organizational structure of the al-Qaida, which appears to be a robust network-based threat in the 21st century. The al-Qaida’s potency draws a lot from a hierarchical organization, which has been increasingly difficult to maintain as the group comes under sustained international pressure. Its capacity to undertake major operations – like the â€Å"9/11† attacks – dwindles as it more closely resembles a loosely structured network of actors; indeed, there have been more failed attempts than successful attacks since 2001 (2008: 35-40).

Central Giant Cell Granuloma (CGCG) Case Study

Central Giant Cell Granuloma (CGCG) Case Study ABSTRACT: Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is an intraosseous lesion which occurs as an uncommon benign condition in jaws. WHO defines this intraosseous lesions as â€Å"a lesion that contains multiple foci of haemorrhage, consisting of cellular fibrous tissue and there is trabeculae of woven bone. It may become aggressive leading to expansion and perforation of the cortex. Mobility and displacement of the involved teeth and root resorption are often observed. Here is a case report of an 18 year old female patient who is diagnosed with an aggressive type of CGCG. KEYWORDS: Central giant cell granuloma, granuloma, giant cell granuloma, giant cell lesions. Introduction Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign proliferation of fibroblasts and multinucleated giants cells that almost exclusively occurs within the jaw. It commonly occurs in young adults showing a female predilection.1 CGCG rarely occurs in areas elsewhere other than the jaws, like maxillary sinus, temporal bone, cranial vault and other bones of the craniofacial complex.2 It was thought that CGCG is a reparative lesion as it develops in response to intrabony hemorrhage and inflammation secondary to trauma. However, it can be considered as an aggressive lesion because of its aggressive behaviour as seen in the present case. Case report A 18 year old female patient, presented with a painful swelling over the lower border of mandible of 3 months duration. The patient had a history of trauma 6 months back with fractured 31. On extra oral examination, gross asymmetry of face was seen with a diffuse swelling of approximately 34 cm size on chin. Lymph nodes were not palpable. Local examination revealed a diffuse swelling extending mentolabial sulcus, inferiorly below the lower border of mandible and antero-posteriorly extending from the midline to the level of corner of mouth both side extending 1.5cm size. Colour over the surface appeared normal; no ulceration or discharge from the swelling was seen. Surface of the swelling was smooth, consistency was hard. The swelling was non – fluctuant; No rise in temperature, no pulsations were felt. The swelling was tender on palpation. On intraoral examination, tenderness on palpation was evident in relation to left mandibular canine and first premolar. No lingual expansio n. Based on the history given by the patient and the clinical examination, a provisional diagnosis of traumatic bone cyst in relation to anterior lower border of mandible was given. However, radiographic examination was suggested to confirm the provisional diagnosis. Orthopantomographs demonstrated normal anatomic hard tissue structures with a diffuse radiolucency seen in the mandibular anterior region crossing the midline , measuring approximately 3 cm x 3.5 cm, extending medio-laterally from 34 to 44 and supero-inferiorly from the apex of mandibular anterior extending to 1.5 cm below the level of inferior border of mandible suggestive of expansion of inferior border of mandible with sclerotic border on superior aspect and no sclerotic border inferiorly. Based on the clinical and the radiographic examination, differential diagnosis of odontogenic keratocyst, ameloblastoma, osteosarcoma and central giant cell granuloma were considered. Histopathological evaluation of the excisional biopsy specimen showed the presence of connective stroma containing numerous young fibroblasts as well as multinucleated giant cells. Trabeculae of osteoid and woven bone were also seen in the periphery. Numerous extravasated RBCs were present within the connective tissue stoma. These findings are suggestive of CGCG, but in order to differentiate this from brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism, we carried out blood investigation, to find the serum calcium, serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase levels, which are found within normal limits. Based on the above histological and investigational findings, a diagnosis of CGCG was given. Discussion Central giant cell granuloma is a benign intraosseous lesion of the jaws. Jaffe in the year 1953, described this intraosseous lesion as â€Å"central giant cell reparative granuloma†.1 Since there is not reparative process, the name â€Å"reparative giant cell granuloma† was denominated. The etiology and pathogenesis of CGCG is unknown, but the granulomatous process is induced by an exacerbated reparative process due to trauma and haemorrhage.3 Giant cell granuloma is considered as a benign proliferation of fibroblasts and multinucleated giant cells that occurs almost exclusively within the jaws. It is seen in all age groups ranging from 2 to 80 years, but more than 60% of the cases occurs under the age of 30 years.5 Although Sex distribution varies in different reviews, CGCG show female predilection with a prevalence of almost twice that of males.4 It commonly occurs in mandible ,anterior to the first molar ,often crossing the midline. It occurs in the short tubular b ones of hands and feet and also in the other bones of facial skeleton and cranial vault but rarely occurs in craniofacial bones. 6 It may be peripheral or central. The peripheral lesions occur as pedunculated or sessile lesions where the central lesion is endosteal. Females, children and young adults have more predilection since the female male ratio is 2:1.7, 8 The main etiological factor for this lesion is trauma. The lesion progresses by accumulation of tissue which due to slow and continuous haemorrhage of multicentric nature as a result of trauma and defect in the capillaries. 9 Though the CGCG is a benign lesion, it occurs as aggressive and non-aggressive types. The aggressive type shows painful and rapid growth occurs in younger patients and often involves cortical perforation and root resorption and may recur. The non-aggressive type is of slow growing, asymptomatic, without any resorption or perforation of the involved teeth and it never recurs.10 The signs of CGCG are a painless swelling, which causes facial asymmetry, where the radiological investigations reveals that there is unilocular or multilocular radiolucency, which is well or ill-defined with variable expansion along with destruction of cortical plate. Since the radiological appearance of this lesion is not pathognomonic, it is usually confused with the other lesions of the jaws. But the final diagnosis is based on its histopathology, though the clinical and radiological features are not specific.11 Histopathological features reveal that it is comprised of dense proliferation of oval or spindle shaped cells with varying number of multinucleated giant cells containing 20 nuclei. There is a deposition of hemosiderin, extravasted RBC’s, foci of osteoid material dystrophic calcification around the periphery of the lesion.12 Though multinucleated giant cells are in more in number, they cannot be considered as proliferative cells, since the macrophages, mesenchymal cells and fibroblasts are accountable for the growth of the lesion. Hence these cells release cytokines that stimulate the proliferation and recruitment of blood monocytes to become osteoclast like cells.13 The multinucleated giant cells may be large or small in number and they may be irregular or round cells that contains more than twenty nuclei which are responsible for bone resorption and local progression of lesion.14 The giant cells containing more nuclei and dese cellular stroma are found to be more aggressive and may relapse after surgical treatment.13 Some studies reveal a significant difference in the number of giant cells in aggressive and non-aggressive lesions where other studies reveal only few differences in the cell size in histomorphic analysis. Some of them found that the aggressive lesions show the higher number of giant cells with more irregular shape, where the giant cells are larger. There is a an increase in the mitotic activity along with a difference in histomorphic analysis which indicates increase in the fusion of resident macrophages and recruitment of monocytes and also there is higher metabolic activity of multinucleated giant cells that shows an aggressive clinical behavior.15 According to the differential diagnosis of the central giant cell granuloma , based on radiological investigation, being a small unilocular lesions it may be confused with granulomas and periapical cyst and the large multilocular lesions it may be ameloblastoma or lesions the resemble PGCL ,aneurysmal bone cyst, central odontogenic fibr oma, brown tumor of hyperthyroidism, giant cell tumor. The CGCG and brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism resembles each other histologically, in having an intense endogenous brownish pigmentation of hemosiderin. The additional test that help in diagnosis are serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase levels which are normal in CGCG, but increased in brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism. The CGCG usually occurs in both maxilla and mandible but the giant cell tumour more commonly occurs in the epiphyses of long bones. But both the lesions appear as osteolytic defects radiographically but can be differentiated histologically. Evidence reveals that the giant cells are larger, numerous and more round in giant cell tumor in CGCG, with a higher number of nuclei and eventually dispersed. There is fewer foci of osteoid material, areas of haemorrhage and there is deposition of hemosiderin and fibrosis and the stroma contains large and oval cells. The aneurysmal bone cyst can be differentiated from CGCG in having a network of multiple cystic cavities fill with blood within thin walls. Depending on the clinical and radiographic findings, if there is a well-defined lesion, curettage can be done where there is low recurrence, but if it is extensive lesion with perforated cortex, the radical excision is mandatory. Sometimes even partial maxillectomy or mandibulectomy and jaw reconstruction plates or placement of bone grafts can be done. Conclusion Based on the clinical, radiological, histopathological features, it is considered as an aggressive variant of CGCG, which is rare in occurrence. More clarification is needed regarding the pathogenesis and nature of giant cell lesions.

Golf Equipment Manufacturing Industry

Henrietta Koramoah What I learned-Poison Gas used in World War I I learned a lot about World War I and a lot about poison gas during this assignment. First I learned that poison gas was used as an accessory that killed a lot of people. I learned that the use of poison gas was started by France. They used poison gas against Germans in the war. Then Germans started using poison gas against most of the other country and their allies. The poison gas used was phosgene gas, mustard gas, chlorine, Asphyxiate, and Lachrymator (tearing agent).Most of these gases contain toxic and a harmful bacterium that can cause damage to humans immediately. Secondly I learned that for first time in the war; poison gas was like a weapon but only used to frighten soldiers. Even though the soldiers had their mask on, some were still injured. In 1917 when the United States joined the war, after defeated by the Germans most countries like the British got mask for their soldier and used poison gas as a respond t o their enemies such as the Germans.Thirdly I learned that, France and British made more mask to protect them from the pain of poison gas. The Germans defeated a lot of countries with the help of poison gas. Even though poison gas did injured and hurt a lot of people. The number of damages caused by poison gas was low to the damages caused by machine guns. And lastly I learned that Germans were blamed for the damages caused in the war, I thought that was a little bit unfair but I thought Germans had it coming. So in conclusion this is what I learned about poison gas in my I-Search assignment.

Benefits and limitations of airport security scanners1 Essay

Benefits and limitations of airport security scanners Introduction                   The security and welfare of people is very important in a society. In order to ensure that people are secure and safe, some measures may be employed although they may be controversial. The example of airport security scans represents such a circumstance. The full body scanners are used detect objects that are on the body of an individual for security reasons without requiring the individual to remove their clothes or have physical contact with the device. Statistics indicate that as of December 2013 an estimated 740 scanners (full body scanners) these devices were in use at more than 150 airports in the United States (TSA). They are effective in identifying suspicious objects that a person may be carrying. However, there are concerns whether use of the full body actual really is a necessary precaution or a practice that invades the privacy of travelers.                   The devices are effective in detecting suspicious objects that may be concealed including both metallic and non-metallic objects. As opposed to metal detectors which identify objects that are made of metallic materials, the scanners used in airports detect both metal and non-metallic objects. They uncover objects that a physical pat-down would reveal but fail to be identified by a metal detector such as chemical explosives and plastic explosives. The device therefore performs the function of both a metal detector and a physical pat-down in revealing various dangerous devices at airports. People who have sinister motives or who desire to break the law by moving illegal items through airports would therefore not be able to succeed in perpetuating their plans because of the presence of the scanners. The primary objective of the scanners is hence achieved and safety of passengers as well as national security is secured.                   The fact that it performs the duties of both a physical pat-down and a metal detector means that the device facilitates time saving and is cost effective (TSA). Regardless of the high costs incurred in purchasing and installing it, the device would replace two security guards responsible for physical pat-downs (one guard for each gender). The airport using the device would hence save on wages for two people and less time would be consumed compared to the time used during a physical pat-down.                   Physical pat-downs are considered by various people to be intrusive and full body scanners provide a better alternative that is not as intrusive as pat-downs and that is more thorough. However, since they still examine the body of an individual in-depth, they still make people to feel that their privacy has been invaded. In order to further protect the privacy of people undergoing such scans, screeners are located in a different room from the individual where they can view images without exposing the identity of the person undergoing the scan (Tessler). In addition, security officers entering the viewing room are not allowed to enter with mobile phones, cameras or any gadgets that can take images and store or transmit them (Tessler). Still, fears remain that such images may be stored and used in other platforms such as uploading them to the internet. Authorities provide counterarguments such as the assertion that functions that are responsible for storag e or transmission are not active but rather that they are disabled prior to the installation of these devices in airports. This, though, does not overrule the possibility of technicians managing to enable such functions. Furthermore, it is not quite clear the reason behind inclusion of such functions in the device yet they get disabled prior to installation.                   The costly nature of full body scanners is a major limitation that raises the costs of startup for people wishing to enter the aviation industry. Much as they are costly, they fail to reveal objects that are hidden in body cavities and are not capable of revealing objects that are of low density. It is therefore apparent that full body scanner despite of the significant popularity they have gained in combating security threats and illegal practices are incapable of combating drug smuggling that is executed through concealment of drugs in body cavities (Tessler).                   Full body scanners create a potential for harassment or embarrassment of specific groups of people. The device can detect medical equipment that may be connected to body parts such as catheters and it may necessitate further examination to confirm the identity of the object detected (Gartner et al). This would embarrass the victim who would feel that they have been singled out because of their medical condition. Transgender people are also susceptible to such embarrassment as the scanners are capable of detecting prosthetics such as testicles and breasts and the need may arise to further examine individuals whose images indicate the presence of both breasts and testicles as one of the two body features may be an improvised tool to conceal weapons, drugs or other illegal objects or objects not allowed through airport security (Gartner et al). Conclusion                   Full body scanners are recommended to improve airport security and only few loopholes are existent like the inability to detect objects in body cavities. Although much criticism has been directed at the devices, much of it is only based on assumptions and not factual information. On the contrary, the benefits of the device are validated by real life examples therefore full body scanners are largely beneficial. References Gartner M., Heyl M., Holstein A. and Thewalt A. What can the ‘naked’ scanner really see? Bild. 22 July 2010. Web. 8 April 2014 Tessler, Joelle. Airport full-body scanners have benefits, and limits. The Denver Post. 31 December 2009. Web. 8 April 2014 Transportation Security Administration, TSA. Advanced Imaging Technology (AIT). 12 February 2014. Web. 8 April 2014 Source document

Academic and Professional Goals Essays - 932 Words

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